Medicinal Mushrooms for Dogs: Benefits, Safety, and How to Use
· by Glendon Lloyd Dip.Canine.Nutrition Dip.Dog.Nutrigenomics
The Ultimate Guide to Medicinal Mushrooms for Dogs: Benefits, Precautions and Safe Use
Summary
Medicinal mushrooms have been used for centuries in traditional medicine and are increasingly recognised for their potential benefits in canine health. This comprehensive guide explores the varieties of medicinal mushrooms, their bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, and how they can impact your dog’s health. It also delves into the safety precautions necessary when including these powerful fungi in your dog’s diet. Whether through supplements or incorporating them into daily meals, medicinal mushrooms offer a natural way to support your dog’s well-being.
Medicinal mushrooms are fungi with bioactive compounds that can positively impact health. These mushrooms are not only nutritious but also have therapeutic properties. They have been used traditionally in various cultures for their immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, among others. In recent years, their use has expanded into veterinary medicine, where they are recognised for their potential benefits in managing and preventing various canine health issues.
Overview of Health Benefits of Medicinal Mushrooms
Medicinal mushrooms offer a wide range of health benefits for dogs. Their bioactive compounds can support immune function, reduce inflammation, improve cognitive and physical performance, and provide anti-cancer properties. They can also aid in the management of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. When included in a dog’s diet or administered as supplements, these mushrooms can significantly enhance overall well-being, offering a natural alternative or complement to conventional treatments.
Which Mushrooms Are Medicinal?
Several mushrooms are recognised for their medicinal properties. The most commonly used medicinal mushrooms in canine health include:
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) for Dogs
What Are Reishi Mushrooms? Reishi mushrooms, also known as the “Mushroom of Immortality,” are renowned in traditional Chinese medicine. These mushrooms have a tough, woody texture and a bitter taste, making them more suitable for extracts and supplements than for culinary use.
What Bioactive Compounds Do Reishi Contain? Reishi mushrooms are rich in polysaccharides (especially beta-glucans), triterpenes, peptidoglycans, and sterols. These compounds contribute to their medicinal properties.
What Areas of Dog Health Do Reishi Impact? Reishi mushrooms are particularly beneficial for:
Immune System Support: Enhances immune response.
Anti-inflammatory Effects: Reduces inflammation.
Antioxidant Properties: Protects against oxidative stress.
Anti-cancer Properties: Inhibits tumour growth and spread.
Mechanisms of Impact
Beta-Glucans: Stimulate the immune system by activating macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells.
Triterpenes: Provide anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Sterols: Offer antioxidant properties by neutralising free radicals.
Historical Usage for Reishi Reishi mushrooms have been used for over 4,000 years in traditional Chinese medicine, primarily as a tonic for longevity and vitality. They were historically reserved for royalty due to their rarity and revered for their ability to promote calmness, improve sleep, and enhance overall well-being. (1)
Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor) for Dogs
What Are Turkey Tail Mushrooms? Turkey Tail mushrooms are named for their colourful, fan-like appearance. They are well-regarded for their immune-boosting properties and are commonly used in both human and veterinary medicine.
PSP and PSK: These compounds are known for their potent immune-modulating effects, stimulating the production of immune cells and enhancing the body’s ability to fight infections and tumours.
Beta-Glucans: Activate immune cells such as macrophages and NK cells.
Antioxidants: Help protect cells from oxidative damage, which is particularly beneficial during cancer treatment.
Historical Usage for Turkey Tail Turkey Tail has been used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine dating back 3,000 years to treat infections, boost immune function, and support overall health. In modern times, it is widely recognised for its role in cancer therapy, particularly in Japan where PSK is approved as an adjuvant treatment for cancer. (2)
Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) for Dogs
What Are Cordyceps Mushrooms? Cordyceps are parasitic fungi that grow on insect larvae. They are highly valued in traditional medicine for their energy-boosting properties.
What Bioactive Compounds Do Cordyceps Contain? Cordyceps contain cordycepin, adenosine, and polysaccharides, among other compounds.
What Areas of Dog Health Do Cordyceps Impact? Cordyceps mushrooms can help with:
Energy and Stamina: Enhances physical performance and energy levels.
Respiratory Health: Supports lung function and eases breathing.
Kidney Health: Improves kidney function and protects against renal damage.
Mechanisms of Impact
Cordycepin: Mimics adenosine, which helps improve energy metabolism and has anti-inflammatory effects.
Adenosine: Supports energy production at the cellular level and improves oxygen utilisation.
Polysaccharides: Enhance immune function and support overall vitality.
Historical Usage for Cordyceps Cordyceps have been used in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine for over 1500 years as a tonic to improve stamina, reduce fatigue, and enhance sexual function. They were highly prized for their ability to invigorate the body and mind, particularly in the elderly.
Maitake (Grifola frondosa) for Dogs
What Are Maitake Mushrooms? Maitake, also known as “Hen of the Woods,” is a large, leafy mushroom that is both edible and medicinal. It has been used for centuries to enhance health and longevity.
What Bioactive Compounds Do Maitake Contain? Maitake mushrooms are rich in beta-glucans, particularly D-fraction, as well as lectins, and antioxidants.
What Areas of Dog Health Do Maitake Impact? Maitake mushrooms are beneficial for:
Weight Management: Supports healthy metabolism and weight control.
Mechanisms of Impact
Beta-Glucans (D-fraction): Boosts immune response by activating macrophages, T-cells, and NK cells.
Lectins: Bind to carbohydrates, playing a role in immune regulation.
Antioxidants: Protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation.
Historical Usage for Maitake Maitake has been used in traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine for over 3,000 years as a tonic for vitality and longevity. It was traditionally consumed as a food that could provide strength, lower blood pressure, and support immune function.
Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) for Dogs
What Are Lion’s Mane Mushrooms? Lion’s Mane is a distinctive mushroom with long, cascading spines. It is famous for its cognitive benefits and is sometimes referred to as the “smart mushroom.”
What Bioactive Compounds Do Lion’s Mane Contain? Lion’s Mane contains hericenones, erinacines, beta-glucans, and antioxidants.
What Areas of Dog Health Do Lion’s Mane Impact? Lion’s Mane mushrooms are beneficial for:
Cognitive Health: Supports brain function and neuroprotection.
Nerve Regeneration: Promotes the growth of nerve cells.
Hericenones and Erinacines: Stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) production, promoting nerve regeneration and cognitive health.
Beta-Glucans: Enhance immune response and reduce inflammation.
Antioxidants: Protect against neurodegenerative diseases by reducing oxidative stress.
Historical Usage for Lion’s Mane Lion’s Mane has been used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine for centuries to treat digestive disorders, promote cognitive function, and improve overall well-being. It was also used to support recovery from neurological conditions and to enhance mental clarity.
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) for Dogs
What Are Shiitake Mushrooms? Shiitake mushrooms are one of the most popular edible mushrooms globally, known for their rich flavour and numerous health benefits. They are widely used in Asian cuisine and traditional medicine.
What Bioactive Compounds Do Shiitake Contain? Shiitake mushrooms contain lentinan (a beta-glucan), eritadenine, and several antioxidants including selenium and vitamins.
What Areas of Dog Health Do Shiitake Impact? Shiitake mushrooms can help with:
Immune System Support: Strengthens the immune system.
Lentinan: A powerful immune-modulating beta-glucan that enhances the activity of immune cells.
Eritadenine: Helps lower cholesterol levels and supports cardiovascular health.
Antioxidants: Protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Historical Usage for Shiitake Shiitake has been cultivated in Asia for over 1,000 years and has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to boost energy, improve circulation, and support the immune system. It was also believed to promote longevity and vitality.
Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) for Dogs
What Are Oyster Mushrooms? Oyster mushrooms are a popular edible mushroom with a mild taste and delicate texture. They are also recognised for their medicinal properties.
What Bioactive Compounds Do Oyster Contain? Oyster mushrooms are rich in beta-glucans, lovastatin, and various antioxidants including ergothioneine.
What Areas of Dog Health Do Oyster Impact? Oyster mushrooms are beneficial for:
Beta-Glucans: Stimulate the immune system by activating various immune cells.
Lovastatin: A natural statin that helps reduce cholesterol levels.
Antioxidants: Protect against oxidative stress and inflammation.
Historical Usage for Oyster Oyster mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for their immune-boosting properties and as a natural remedy for treating infections and inflammation. They were also used for their ability to promote cardiovascular health.
Agaricus (Agaricus blazei) for Dogs
What Are Agaricus Mushrooms? Agaricus, also known as Agaricus blazei, is a mushroom native to Brazil. It is highly regarded for its immune-boosting properties and is used both as food and in medicine.
What Bioactive Compounds Do Agaricus Contain? Agaricus mushrooms are rich in beta-glucans, ergosterol, and proteoglucans.
What Areas of Dog Health Do Agaricus Impact? Agaricus mushrooms can help with:
Proteoglucans: Contribute to anti-tumour activities and immune modulation.
Historical Usage for Agaricus Agaricus blazei has been used traditionally in Brazil to treat various ailments, including infections and cancer. It gained global recognition for its potent immune-boosting and anti-cancer properties and is now widely used in integrative medicine.
Tremella Mushroom (Tremella fuciformis) for Dogs
What Are Tremella Mushrooms? Tremella, also known as snow fungus, is a white, gelatinous mushroom that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for its beauty-enhancing properties.
What Bioactive Compounds Do Tremella Contain? Tremella mushrooms are rich in polysaccharides, especially glucuronoxylomannan, and contain a high amount of dietary fibre.
What Areas of Dog Health Do Tremella Impact? Tremella mushrooms are beneficial for:
Skin Health: Promotes hydration and elasticity of the skin.
Immune Support: Enhances immune function.
Anti-inflammatory Effects: Reduces inflammation and oxidative stress.
Mechanisms of Impact
Polysaccharides (Glucuronoxylomannan): Enhance moisture retention and skin health, and modulate the immune response.
Dietary Fibre: Supports digestive health by promoting a healthy gut microbiome.
Antioxidants: Protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce inflammation.
Historical Usage for Tremella Tremella has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, particularly by women, to enhance skin beauty and maintain youthful appearance. It was also used to boost the immune system and improve overall health.
Can You Give Dogs Medicinal Mushrooms?
Yes, medicinal mushrooms can be given to dogs, often as a supplement in the form of powders, capsules, or tinctures. However, it is important to consult with a veterinarian, particularly one knowledgeable about holistic or integrative medicine, before starting any new supplement regimen. The appropriate type and dosage depend on your dog’s specific health needs, age, size, and any existing medical conditions.
Are Medicinal Mushrooms Safe for All Dogs?
While medicinal mushrooms can be beneficial, they are not suitable for all dogs. Certain conditions and situations may warrant caution:
Bleeding Disorders: Some mushrooms, like Reishi, may affect blood clotting and should be used cautiously in dogs with bleeding disorders or those on anticoagulant medications.
Low Blood Pressure: Reishi can lower blood pressure, so it should be used cautiously in dogs prone to hypotension.
Liver or Kidney Disease: Some mushrooms, like Cordyceps, affect kidney function and should be used with caution in dogs with compromised kidney or liver function.
Immune-Mediated Disorders: Immune-modulating mushrooms like Turkey Tail should be used cautiously in dogs with autoimmune diseases, as they can stimulate the immune system.
Mushrooms Toxic to Dogs
While medicinal mushrooms can be beneficial, it’s crucial to know that some mushrooms are toxic to dogs and can cause severe health issues. Toxic mushrooms include:
These toxic mushrooms can cause symptoms ranging from gastrointestinal upset to severe organ failure and death. Dogs should never consume wild mushrooms unless they are specifically identified as safe.
Best Way to Include Mushrooms in a Dog’s Diet
The safest and most effective way to include medicinal mushrooms in your dog’s diet is through high-quality supplements designed for canine use. These supplements are often available as powders, capsules, or tinctures, and they should be administered according to the dosage guidelines provided by your veterinarian.
Alongside supplements, including medicinal mushrooms in your dog’s food is an excellent way to deliver their health benefits in a measured way daily. Cooking mushrooms can help break down some of the tough cell walls, making the beneficial compounds more accessible. Always introduce any new supplement gradually and monitor your dog for any adverse reactions.
Conclusion
Medicinal mushrooms offer a range of health benefits for dogs, from supporting immune function and reducing inflammation to enhancing cognitive and physical performance. However, it is essential to approach their use with care, considering the specific needs and health conditions of your dog. Consulting with a veterinarian, especially one experienced in integrative medicine, is crucial to ensuring the safe and effective use of medicinal mushrooms in your dog’s diet.
About Glendon Lloyd Dip.Canine.Nutrition Dip.Dog.Nutrigenomics
I have had dogs from the day I was born. Much to my Mum's amusement, my Dad bought home Zetta, a beautiful corgi pupp , as his contribution to our new family!
Fast forward to 2018 and Catherine, my wife, and one of our dogs Poppy, were both diagnosed and treated for cancer within months of each other
Diet and its impact on health, cancer particularly, led me down a rabbit hole of discovery.
I consumed information voraciously - on our diets, our dogs' diets and the impact these have not just on health but also the health of our increasingly fragile planet.
I was humbled by the time and expertise given so freely by doctors and vets, canine nutritionists and scientists, academics and agronomists. The more I learned the more I understood there had to be a better way to improve not just our health but also our dogs and the planet's.
The result of my trip down that rabbit hole is Bonza, a plant-based dog food (and now supplements) that elevate our dogs' diet beyond simple nutrition to a diet that inspires a healthier everyday life for our dogs and the planet.
I am continually researching the nutritional impact our dogs' diets have on their health and wellbeing and the ingredients and nutrients we should include in, and exclude from, their food to deliver longer, healthier lives.
I am delighted that my trip down the rabbit hole has led to me completing a Diploma in Canine Nutrigenomics and a Diploma in Canine Nutrition being awarded a Distinction for both my coursework and theses!
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