IBD In Dogs: What Are The Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) for Dogs

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in dogs is a complex and often perplexing condition that affects a substantial number of our canine companions. For the dedicated dog parent seeking to understand the ins and outs of IBD, this article aims to deliver a thorough examination of the disease, addressing every conceivable concern with depth and clarity.

Table of Contents for “Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) for Dogs”

1. Introduction
   • Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Dogs
2. IBD Basics
   • What is IBD in Dogs?
   • Symptoms of IBD in Dogs
   • Causes of IBD in Dogs
3. Diagnosis
   • How Is IBD Diagnosed in Dogs?
4. Treatment Strategies
   • Treatment of IBD in Dogs
   • Medication for IBD in Dogs
   • Nutrition as an Intervention for Dogs with IBD
   • Natural and Holistic Treatment Options for IBD in Dogs
5. Dietary Management
   • Foods that Trigger Onset of IBD in Dogs
   • What to Feed a Dog with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
   • Foods to Avoid for Dogs with IBD
6. Breed-Specific Information
   • Which Dog Breeds Are Prone to IBD?
7. Prognosis and Lifestyle
   • Prognosis for Dogs with IBD
   • Life Expectancy of Dogs with IBD
   • Can IBD in Dogs Be Cured?
   • Is IBD in Dogs Painful?
8. Understanding and Managing IBD
   • Difference Between IBD and IBS in Dogs
   • Types of IBD in Dogs
9. FAQ – IBD for Dogs
   • Compiled Frequently Asked Questions
10. Conclusion
    • Summary and Closing Thoughts on Managing IBD in Dogs

What is IBD in Dogs?

Canine IBD is a syndrome characterised by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with the immune system mistakenly targeting the GI lining. The resulting inflammation can lead to a malfunction of the intestine’s ability to absorb and digest nutrients effectively.

How Is IBD Diagnosed in Dogs?

Diagnosing IBD in dogs is a multi-step process that begins with a thorough veterinary examination. The vet will gather a comprehensive history of your dog’s health and symptoms, looking for patterns that suggest IBD, such as chronic diarrhoea or vomiting and weight loss. While the symptoms may indicate IBD, a definitive diagnosis often requires further investigation.

Non-invasive tests like blood panels and faecal exams are typically the first step to rule out other conditions like infections or parasites. Imaging studies, including ultrasounds and X-rays, are also instrumental in this phase to identify any abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract that could indicate IBD or other diseases, such as tumours.

If these tests suggest IBD and other conditions are ruled out, the next step is usually an endoscopy or a surgical biopsy of the intestinal lining. This procedure provides a tissue sample that can be examined microscopically to confirm the presence of inflammatory cells and to assess the inflammation’s severity and nature. It’s important to note that a biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing IBD, as it allows for direct visualisation of the tissue and the specific types of inflammatory cells involved.

Causes of IBD for Dogs

The causative factors of IBD are multifaceted, ranging from genetic predispositions—some breeds such as Basenjis and French Bulldogs are more susceptible—to immune system issues, environmental triggers, and dietary intolerances. The exact triggers can be elusive, making IBD a particularly challenging condition to both diagnose and manage.

Symptoms of IBD in Dogs

Dogs with IBD typically exhibit symptoms like persistent diarrhoea, vomiting, appetite fluctuations, and weight loss. These signs are often intermittent and vary in severity, which can make the initial presentation of IBD confusing to dog owners.

Treatment of IBD in Dogs

The treatment strategy for canine IBD usually involves a multipronged approach:

1. Dietary Management: A well-balanced, hypoallergenic diet is crucial. The goal is to minimise GI upset by eliminating allergenic foods.
2. Pharmacological Intervention: This includes anti-inflammatory medications such as prednisone or budesonide, immunosuppressive drugs like azathioprine, cyclosporine, and chlorambucil, and antibiotics such as metronidazole and tylosin to address bacterial imbalances.
3. Supportive Care: Probiotics and vitamin B12 injections may be required to support a healthy gut flora and address malabsorption issues.

Medication for IBD in Dogs

Several drugs are commonly used in the management of IBD:

• Corticosteroids (Prednisone, Prednisolone, Budesonide): To reduce inflammation.
• Immunosuppressants (Azathioprine, Cyclosporine, Chlorambucil): To regulate the immune system.
• Antibiotics (Metronidazole, Tylosin): To manage secondary infections and imbalances in the gut microbiome.
• Gastrointestinal Protectants (Omeprazole, Famotidine): To protect the GI tract from acid-related damage.

Nutrition as an Intervention for Dogs with IBD

Nutrition plays a pivotal role in managing IBD. The best food for a dog with IBD typically includes:

• Highly Digestible Proteins: Easily absorbed proteins, such as those from plant-based or aquatic sources, are beneficial. Consider tofu, lentils, and fish like salmon.
• Fibre: Soluble fibre from sources like pumpkin, sweet potatoes, and apples can aid in gut motility and stool formation. Inulin, a prebiotic fibre, can promote beneficial gut bacteria.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in flaxseed and fish oils, these fats can help reduce inflammation.
• Antioxidants: Foods rich in antioxidants, such as blueberries and carrots, can help combat oxidative stress associated with inflammation.

Foods that Trigger Onset of IBD for Dogs

Common allergenic foods that may trigger IBD include:

• Beef
• Dairy
• Chicken
• Eggs
• Corn
• Wheat
• Soy
• Lamb
• Pork
• Fish

Natural and Holistic Treatment Options for IBD in Dogs

Many dog parents explore natural therapies such as:

• Herbal Remedies: Slippery elm, marshmallow root, and ginger can soothe the GI tract.
• Acupuncture: Can help modulate the immune system and alleviate pain.
• Homeopathy and Nutraceuticals: Products like probiotics, seaweed or algae, fish oil supplements, and L-glutamine can support the GI tract.

Which Dog Breeds Are Prone to IBD?

While IBD can occur in any dog, research and clinical evidence suggest that certain breeds are diagnosed with the condition more frequently. These breeds include:

• Weimaraners: Known for their striking gray coats and compelling eyes, Weimaraners may have a genetic predisposition to gastrointestinal problems, including IBD.
• Basenjis: These barkless dogs from Africa are prone to various autoimmune diseases, of which IBD is one.
• Soft-coated Wheaten Terriers: This breed can suffer from protein-losing enteropathy, which is often associated with IBD.
• Irish Setters: Known for their red coats and hunting abilities, Irish Setters have shown a propensity for gluten-sensitive enteropathy, a condition akin to IBD.
• Yorkshire Terriers: Small in size but big in personality, Yorkies can be affected by chronic enteropathy, which encompasses IBD.
• Rottweilers: These strong and loyal dogs may suffer from IBD as part of a broader spectrum of immune-mediated diseases they are predisposed to.
• German Shepherds: A breed known for its versatility and intelligence, German Shepherds have a higher occurrence of digestive issues, including IBD.
• Norwegian Lundehunds: This breed has a unique history and gastrointestinal structure, which unfortunately comes with a heightened risk for IBD.
• Border Collies: Agile and highly intelligent, Border Collies may also be prone to developing IBD during their lifetimes.
• Boxers: They are known for their playful spirit and strong build, but they also have a higher prevalence of colitis and IBD.

It’s important to keep in mind that while these breeds may have a higher incidence of IBD, environmental factors, diet, and overall health play significant roles in the development of the disease. Regular veterinary care and attention to diet and symptoms can help manage the condition, regardless of breed.

FAQ – IBD for Dogs

Understanding the Condition: Causes and Diagnosis

What Causes IBD in Dogs?

The root cause of IBD in dogs is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of factors. Genetics play a role, with some breeds being more predisposed. Environmental factors such as diet, stress, and the presence of other illnesses can contribute. The immune system’s abnormal reaction to normal gut flora, or an inability to regulate itself, can trigger inflammation. Additionally, food intolerances or allergies to specific proteins or additives in the diet are common triggers.

How Is IBD Diagnosed in Dogs?

IBD diagnosis starts with a vet evaluating your dog’s symptoms and medical history. Preliminary blood tests and faecal exams exclude conditions like infections. Imaging, such as ultrasounds and X-rays, help identify any GI tract abnormalities. A definitive diagnosis usually requires a biopsy of the intestinal lining to detect inflammatory cells and gauge the inflammation’s severity, making it the most conclusive test for IBD.

Breeds at Risk and Condition Prevalence

How Common is IBD in Dogs?

IBD is among the more frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal disorders in veterinary practice. Its exact prevalence is hard to determine due to its varying presentations and the need for thorough diagnostic procedures to confirm it.

Which Dogs Are Prone to IBD?

Certain breeds are more susceptible to IBD, possibly due to genetic predispositions. Breeds with a higher incidence include Weimaraners, Basenjis, Soft-coated Wheaten Terriers, Irish Setters, Yorkshire Terriers, Rottweilers, German Shepherds, Norwegian Lundehunds, Border Collies, and Boxers. However, IBD can affect any dog, and environmental and dietary factors also play crucial roles. (1, 2)

Managing IBD: Treatment and Nutrition

What Are the Treatment Options for IBD in Dogs?

The cornerstone of IBD treatment in dogs includes dietary management, often starting with an elimination diet to identify food intolerances, followed by a hypoallergenic or novel protein diet. Pharmacological treatments are tailored to the dog’s specific symptoms and severity of disease and can include:

• Corticosteroids like prednisone and budesonide to control inflammation.
• Immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil.
• Antibiotics including metronidazole or tylosin for bacterial overgrowth.
• Gastrointestinal protectants and antacids like famotidine or omeprazole.
• Probiotics and prebiotics to maintain and restore healthy gut flora.

What to Feed a Dog with Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Dogs with IBD should be fed a diet that is:

• High in digestibility: Easily digestible foods reduce the work the GI tract has to do.
• Low in fat: To ensure it is less irritating and easier to digest.
• Rich in omega-3 fatty acids: To help reduce intestinal inflammation.
• Limited ingredient diet/hypoallergenic food: To reduce exposure to potential allergens.
• Fibre: Moderate levels of soluble fibre can aid in digestion and stool quality.

What Foods to Avoid for Dogs with IBD?

Avoid any foods known to cause allergies or intolerances in your dog. This often requires avoiding complex diets with many ingredients, which makes it harder to identify triggers. Common culprits include:

• Fatty foods
• Spicy foods
• High-lactose dairy products
• High-gluten grains

Prognosis and Comparative Conditions

What is the Prognosis for Dogs with IBD?

The prognosis for dogs with IBD can be quite good with proper treatment. Many dogs achieve remission and can maintain good health with diet and medication management. Prognosis is best when IBD is diagnosed early and treated aggressively.

What is the Life Expectancy of Dogs with IBD?

Dogs with well-managed IBD can have a normal life expectancy. The key to managing IBD is ongoing treatment and regular veterinary check-ups to prevent and manage flare-ups.

Can IBD in Dogs Be Cured?

IBD cannot be cured but can often be effectively managed with diet and medication. The goal of treatment is to induce and maintain remission of symptoms.

Is IBD in Dogs Painful?

Yes, IBD can be painful for dogs. It can cause abdominal pain, cramping, and discomfort, particularly during acute flare-ups.

What is the Difference Between IBD and IBS in Dogs?

IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) involves actual inflammation and, often, ulceration of the intestines. IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome), on the other hand, is a less severe condition that affects the motility and function of the gut without the presence of inflammation.

Types of IBD and Natural Treatments

What Are the Types of IBD in Dogs?

IBD is classified by the predominant cell types involved in the GI tract’s inflammation and includes:

• Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic Enteritis (LPE): The most common form, characterised by lymphocytes and plasma cells.
• Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis: Characterised by eosinophil infiltration, often associated with allergic responses.
• Granulomatous Enteritis: Involving the formation of granulomas within the intestinal lining.

What Are the Natural and Holistic Treatments for IBD in Dogs?

Natural treatments include dietary adjustments, herbal supplements, and alternative therapies. Some pet parents report benefits from:

• Omega-3 supplements: Seaweed or algal extract, fish oil or flaxseed oil.
• Herbs: Such as turmeric, parsley, chamomile, echinacea, slippery elm, peppermint, or ginger, which can soothe the gut lining.
• Acupuncture: To reduce inflammation and promote a healing response.
• Probiotics: To support a balanced gut microbiome which helps to improve stool form and consistency.
• Dog IBD supplement: Functional supplements that include efficacious levels of nutrients and ingredients known to impact IBD in dogs including ingredients identified above

Through this comprehensive guide, dog owners can gain a nuanced understanding of IBD, empowering them to work closely with their veterinarians to provide their furry family members with the best care possible. Managing IBD in dogs is a lifelong commitment that, with the right approach, and including a plant-based dog food for IBD, can lead to a happy, healthy life for affected dogs.

Understanding IBD for dogs is crucial for effective management and treatment. By recognising the signs early and consulting with a veterinarian, you can tailor a treatment plan that includes appropriate medication, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle changes. With the right approach, most dogs with IBD can continue to lead happy, healthy lives.

Bonza Superfoods and Ancient Grains plant-based dog food contains a higher level of quality fibre sources, both soluble and insoluble, than most dog foods. In addition to these sources of fibre the food also includes FOS and MOS, inulin (a soluble fibre derived from chicory root) and beta-glucans all of which work to stabilise the gut and digestive system.

The formula also includes a quality probiotic source, Calsporin, which helps to restore the gut flora balance in dogs suffering from issues related to IBD as well as a blend of herbs, spices and adaptogens that not only support a reduction in dog stress but also work to normalise their systems in a natural and holistic way.

As the name of the condition indicates, inflammation plays a significant role in the health impacts of IBD on the dog. Bonza is a powerfully anti-inflammatory dog food with a wide range of bioactive anti-inflammatory ingredients which work together to reduce inflammation throughout your dog’s body including the gut and bowel.

Bonza is recommended by vets as a non-prescription food for dogs with IBD.