Must Have Inclusions When Selecting a Joint Supplement for Your Dog
Summary
Joint issues are among the most common health challenges facing dogs today, especially as they age or if they are predisposed by breed, weight, or lifestyle. Whether it’s arthritis, hip dysplasia, or general stiffness, the right joint supplement can make a profound difference in comfort, mobility, and long-term wellbeing.
But not all joint supplements are created equal. The most effective formulations work on multiple pathways simultaneously — reducing inflammation, protecting cartilage, improving synovial fluid quality, and supporting connective tissues — while also benefiting gut, immune, and metabolic health.
Plant-based and marine-derived ingredients increasingly lead the field, offering powerful, natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties with lower allergenic risk and improved sustainability. While certain animal-derived compounds such as undenatured collagen type II and green-lipped mussel have proven efficacy, their sourcing and allergenicity deserve careful consideration.
This article explores the must-have ingredients in an effective joint supplement, comparing plant, marine, and animal sources, explaining their mechanisms of action, and highlighting secondary health benefits that extend far beyond mobility.
Key Takeaways
- Joint health is whole-body health — the best supplements reduce inflammation, protect cartilage, and nourish connective tissues while supporting gut and immune balance.
- Plant-based ingredients such as turmeric, Boswellia, ginger, yucca schidigera, and antioxidants from green tea and rosehip can match or exceed the efficacy of traditional animal-based compounds.
- Marine-sourced actives, especially algae-derived omega-3 fatty acids (DHA, EPA, and DPA), provide potent, sustainable anti-inflammatory benefits for joints, brain, and skin.
- Animal-derived ingredients, such as glucosamine, chondroitin, collagen, and green-lipped mussel, have good evidence for joint support but can pose allergen and sustainability challenges.
- The most effective supplements combine GAGs (glucosamine and chondroitin), anti-inflammatory botanicals, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and synovial fluid enhancers like hyaluronic acid, alongside prebiotics and beta-glucans for gut-joint axis support.
Table of Contents
- Summary
- Key Takeaways
- Understanding Joint Health in Dogs
- Why Supplements Are Often Needed
- Core Categories of Joint Support Ingredients
- Matrix Builders
- Inflammation Modulators
- Synovial Fluid Support
- Systemic and Secondary Health Enhancers
- Must-Have Ingredients in Effective Joint Supplements
- Glucosamine
- Chondroitin
- MSM
- Hyaluronic Acid
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA, EPA, DPA)
- Collagen and Eggshell Membrane
- Curcumin (Turmeric)
- Boswellia Serrata
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Yucca Schidigera
- Green Tea, Rosehip, and Polyphenol Antioxidants
- Beta-Glucans and Prebiotics (FOS, MOS)
- Clinoptilolite
- Manganese and Vitamin C
- Comparative Table: Plant, Marine, and Animal Ingredient Sources
- Secondary Benefits: Beyond the Joints
- Safety, Allergies, and Sustainability Considerations
- FAQs
- Conclusion
- References
Understanding Joint Health in Dogs
A healthy joint is a finely balanced system of bone, cartilage, synovial fluid, and connective tissue. Cartilage cushions impact, while synovial fluid lubricates movement. Over time, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mechanical wear disrupt this balance, leading to osteoarthritis, hip dysplasia, and other mobility issues.
Key processes involved include:
- Cartilage degradation through enzymes like MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases)
- Inflammation driven by COX and LOX enzyme pathways producing prostaglandins and leukotrienes
- Oxidative stress, which damages chondrocytes (cartilage-producing cells)
- Loss of synovial viscosity, reducing joint lubrication
Effective supplements address all four simultaneously, supporting regeneration and comfort from the inside out.
Why Supplements Are Often Needed
While high-quality food provides baseline nutrition, it rarely delivers therapeutic levels of joint-supportive nutrients. Ageing, genetics, prior injury, or autoimmune conditions accelerate joint wear. Supplementation bridges these gaps, targeting specific biochemical processes with concentrated doses of natural bioactives.
In many cases, owners notice improved mobility, reduced stiffness, and even better mood and engagement — outcomes linked not only to reduced pain but also to decreased systemic inflammation.
Core Categories of Joint Support Ingredients
1. Matrix Builders
These supply the structural components cartilage needs for repair and resilience:
- Glucosamine
- Chondroitin sulphate
- MSM (methylsulfonylmethane)
- Collagen peptides or eggshell membrane
- Manganese, copper, and vitamin C (for collagen cross-linking)
2. Inflammation Modulators
Ingredients that calm inflammatory pathways, protecting joint tissues:
- Curcumin (from turmeric)
- Boswellia serrata (frankincense extract)
- Ginger and Yucca schidigera
- Marine or algal omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA, DPA)
3. Synovial Fluid Support
Compounds that restore lubrication and elasticity to joints:
- Hyaluronic acid (HA)
- Avocado unsaponifiables
- Omega-3s (supporting fluid viscosity and composition)
4. Systemic and Secondary Health Enhancers
These broaden benefits to include immunity, gut function, and oxidative balance:
- Beta-glucans (yeast-derived)
- FOS and MOS prebiotics
- Clinoptilolite (natural detoxifying aluminosilicate)
- Polyphenols from green tea, rosehips, and spirulina
Must-Have Ingredients in Effective Joint Supplements
Glucosamine
A building block for cartilage, glucosamine stimulates synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), improving joint cushioning.
- Mechanism: Stimulates chondrocytes, inhibits cartilage-degrading enzymes.
- Source: Commonly shellfish-derived, but plant-fermented vegan glucosamine is equally bioavailable and allergen-free.
- Note: HCl form is stable and gentle on digestion; sulphate form has the most studies.
Chondroitin Sulphate
Enhances cartilage elasticity and reduces degradation.
- Mechanism: Inhibits destructive enzymes, supports cartilage hydration.
- Sources: Traditionally extracted from bovine or porcine cartilage; marine plant-based alternatives like Greendroitin® now offer sustainable vegan options.
- Caution: Animal-derived chondroitin can be allergenic for sensitive dogs.
MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)
A natural sulphur donor supporting collagen formation and antioxidant defence.
- Mechanism: Activates the Nrf2 pathway, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
- Benefits: Reduces stiffness, enhances recovery after exercise, supports coat and skin health.
- Source: Plant-derived and highly bioavailable.
Hyaluronic Acid
Maintains joint lubrication and comfort by increasing synovial fluid viscosity.
- Mechanism: Binds water molecules and interacts with CD44 receptors to reduce inflammation.
- Source: Traditionally extracted from rooster combs, but fermentation-based vegan HA offers cruelty-free alternatives.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA, EPA, DPA)
Regulate inflammatory responses and support joint fluid quality.
- Mechanism: Convert to resolvins and protectins, molecules that resolve inflammation.
- Sources: Fish oil (salmon oil) and krill oil are effective but can oxidise quickly; algal oils (like DHAgold®) are the source of fish-derived Omega-3 and provide a sustainable, mercury-free, plant-based source of DHA, EPA, and DPA.
- Secondary benefits: Cognitive, skin, and cardiac health support.
Avocado Unsaponifiables (ASU/AU)
Avocado unsaponifiables — often combined with soya unsaponifiables — are natural lipid fractions extracted from the oils of avocado and soybean. These bioactive compounds are rich in phytosterols, tocopherols (vitamin E derivatives), and triterpene alcohols, which have demonstrated chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties in both human and veterinary studies.
ASU’s primary mode of action lies in modulating inflammatory pathways and stimulating anabolic activity in chondrocytes — the cells responsible for maintaining cartilage. By inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α, and reducing the breakdown of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ASU helps preserve cartilage structure while promoting the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans.¹
Clinical research in dogs has shown that ASU supplementation reduces pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis and may enhance the effects of other joint actives such as glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids, leading to synergistic improvements in mobility and comfort.²
Unlike NSAIDs, which simply suppress inflammation, avocado unsaponifiables modulate the inflammatory response and promote regeneration, offering long-term protection without gastrointestinal or renal side effects.³
| Property | Benefit | Supporting Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-inflammatory | Reduces IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 activity | Arthritis Res Ther, 2008 |
| Chondroprotective | Stimulates collagen and proteoglycan synthesis | Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2013 |
| Synergistic effect | Enhances efficacy of glucosamine & chondroitin | Vet Ther, 2003 |
| Antioxidant | Contains vitamin E and phytosterols | Phytother Res, 2011 |
| Safety | Well-tolerated, non-allergenic | Veterinary studies (canine OA) |
ASU’s dual action — protecting cartilage while reducing inflammation — makes it an ideal inclusion in comprehensive joint formulations, particularly those designed for senior dogs, large breeds, or breeds predisposed to osteoarthritis.
Its plant origin ensures excellent digestibility, safety, and sustainability, aligning perfectly with the ethos of modern plant-based, bioactive joint support formulations.
Collagen and Eggshell Membrane
Provide amino acids for connective tissue repair and modulate immune response.
- Mechanism: Type II collagen supports immune tolerance and cartilage repair.
- Sources: Chicken sternum and bovine sources are common; allergenic for some dogs. Eggshell membrane is a well-tolerated alternative.
- Plant-based substitute: Nutrients such as vitamin C, manganese, and amino acids (lysine, proline) can support collagen synthesis naturally.
Curcumin (Turmeric)
One of the most powerful natural anti-inflammatories.
- Mechanism: Inhibits NF-κB, COX-2, and LOX pathways; strong antioxidant.
- Enhancers: Works best with black pepper extract (piperine) or lecithin for absorption.
- Source: Turmeric root (Curcuma longa).
- Secondary benefits: Liver, gut, and immune health support.
Boswellia Serrata
A resin extract rich in boswellic acids that inhibit the 5-LOX pathway.
- Mechanism: Reduces leukotriene synthesis, easing stiffness and inflammation.
- Benefit: Fast onset (1–3 weeks).
- Source: Tree resin — sustainable harvesting essential.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
A COX/LOX pathway inhibitor with anti-nausea properties.
- Secondary benefits: Supports digestion and circulation.
Yucca Schidigera
Provides saponins that reduce pain perception and inflammation.
- Additional benefit: Reduces stool odour and gut ammonia.
Green Tea, Rosehip, and Polyphenol Antioxidants
- Mechanism: Neutralise free radicals, support mitochondrial health, and improve joint resilience.
- Plant-based advantage: Safe, potent, and synergistic with other actives.
Beta-Glucans and Prebiotics (FOS, MOS)
These prebiotic fibres and yeast derivatives strengthen the gut–joint axis.
- Mechanism: Reduce endotoxins, balance immune response, improve nutrient absorption.
- Source: Plant and fungal (yeast, chicory root, yucca).
Clinoptilolite
A natural volcanic aluminosilicate zeolite with detoxifying and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Mechanism: Adsorbs heavy metals and ammonia, reducing oxidative load and supporting gut and joint health.
Manganese and Vitamin C
Essential cofactors for collagen cross-linking and cartilage resilience.
Comparative Table: Plant, Marine, and Animal Ingredient Sources
| Ingredient | Plant-Based Source | Marine Source | Animal-Based Source | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucosamine | Corn fermentation | – | Shellfish shells | Plant-based = hypoallergenic |
| Chondroitin | Algal (Greendroitin®) | – | Bovine, porcine | Marine-plant safer for allergies |
| MSM | Pine lignin | – | – | Fully plant-derived |
| HA | Fermentation | Fish cartilage | Rooster comb | Fermentation = cruelty-free |
| Omega-3s | Algae (DHAgold®) | Fish oil | – | Algal = clean and sustainable |
| Collagen | Vitamin C + AA synthesis | Fish collagen | Chicken, beef | Animal collagen allergenic |
| Curcumin, Boswellia, Ginger, Yucca | Roots and resins | – | – | Potent, low allergenicity |
| Polyphenols | Green tea, Rosehip | Seaweed | – | Broad antioxidant network |
| Beta-glucans | Yeast, oats | – | – | Gut–joint axis support |
| Clinoptilolite | Mineral | – | – | Detoxification and immune modulation |
Secondary Benefits: Beyond the Joints
A holistic joint supplement enhances:
- Gut health — via FOS, MOS, β-glucans, and clinoptilolite
- Immune balance — through antioxidants and adaptogens
- Cognitive health — from omega-3s and polyphenols
- Skin and coat health — MSM, omega-3s, and antioxidants
- Metabolic resilience — lower inflammation means better insulin sensitivity and energy utilisation
Safety, Allergies, and Sustainability Considerations
- Allergens: Avoid shellfish (glucosamine), chicken (UC-II collagen), or beef-derived collagen if your dog has food sensitivities.
- Plant-based options are inherently safer and easier on the digestive system.
- Sustainability: Algal omega-3s and plant-based chondroitin offer eco-friendly alternatives to overfished or livestock-derived sources.
- Heat sensitivity: Look for cold-pressed or low-temperature (<40°C) manufactured products to preserve actives.
FAQ – Joint Supplements for Dogs
It’s best to start preventatively rather than reactively. Most dogs benefit from joint support from around 5 years of age, though large and giant breeds (like Labradors, Golden Retrievers, or Great Danes) should begin as early as 12–18 months, when growth plate closure is complete. Earlier supplementation as growing dogs (>14 weeks) will help preserve cartilage integrity and delay the onset of age-related stiffness or osteoarthritis.
Generally, puppies do not require joint supplements unless they are rapidly growing large breeds, genetically predisposed to joint problems, or have experienced trauma or surgery. Supplements rich in omega-3s, glucosamine, and MSM can support healthy development and reduce the risk of dysplasia later in life.
Yes — high-quality, evidence-based supplements using natural or plant-based ingredients are safe for lifelong use. Unlike pharmaceuticals such as NSAIDs, they do not damage the liver, kidneys, or gastrointestinal tract when used as directed. Always choose products with transparent ingredient sourcing and cold-pressed production to preserve bioactive compounds.
They target the key processes involved in joint degeneration:
Reducing inflammation (via botanicals like turmeric, Boswellia, and ginger)
Repairing and protecting cartilage (through glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM)
Improving lubrication (with hyaluronic acid and omega-3s)
Protecting against oxidative stress (through antioxidants like spirulina, rosehip, and green tea)
Clinically supported ingredients include glucosamine HCl, chondroitin sulphate, MSM, omega-3 DHA/EPA/DPA, curcumin, Boswellia, hyaluronic acid, and spirulina. Synergistic formulations that include multiple pathways — anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and antioxidant — consistently outperform single-ingredient products.
Plant-based and marine-derived ingredients (such as algal omega-3, fermented glucosamine, plant-based chondroitin, and plant antioxidants) are safest and most sustainable. They avoid the allergenic and contamination risks sometimes found in animal-derived ingredients like bovine collagen or shellfish-based glucosamine.
Yes. While they can’t reverse joint deformity, joint supplements can reduce pain, inflammation, and stiffness, improving mobility and quality of life. Studies show that combinations of glucosamine, chondroitin, omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, and Boswellia significantly improve joint function and comfort in arthritic dogs.
Most dogs show visible improvement within 3–6 weeks, depending on the severity of their condition, dosage, and consistency of use. Chronic or severe osteoarthritis may take up to 12 weeks for optimal results.
Yes, in most cases. Supplements can safely be combined with medications such as NSAIDs (e.g., carprofen or meloxicam) to reduce inflammation while supporting joint recovery. However, always consult your vet to adjust dosages and monitor for interactions, especially if your dog is taking corticosteroids or immune-modulating drugs.
Veterinary treatments for arthritis and hip dysplasia include:
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) such as carprofen, meloxicam, and firocoxib to control pain and inflammation.
Monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Bedinvetmab – Librela®) that neutralise nerve growth factor (NGF), effectively reducing pain signalling.
Corticosteroids, used for severe inflammation but not suitable for long-term use.
Surgery, such as joint replacement or corrective osteotomy, for advanced cases.
While effective short-term, these pharmaceuticals can cause side effects such as gastrointestinal upset, liver or kidney strain, and immune suppression, particularly with prolonged use.
Natural supplements focus on addressing underlying causes, not just masking symptoms. They:
Support cartilage regeneration
Reduce chronic inflammation naturally
Improve overall health (gut, liver, and immune system)
Have minimal side effects
Pharmaceuticals, while faster-acting, typically suppress pain signals without promoting healing and may have long-term adverse effects if used continuously.
Preventative supplementation can delay or reduce the severity of arthritis by maintaining healthy cartilage and reducing inflammatory damage. Dogs started on joint support early in adulthood tend to remain more mobile and active in their senior years.
Yes — breeds prone to joint issues such as Labradors, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, Dachshunds, Rottweilers, and Cocker Spaniels benefit greatly from early and consistent joint supplementation.
Absolutely. Excess weight places additional stress on joints, accelerating degeneration. Joint supplements combined with weight management and a plant-rich, anti-inflammatory diet can dramatically reduce discomfort and improve mobility.
They don’t correct bone alignment but can reduce pain, inflammation, and stiffness associated with dysplasia. Ingredients like MSM, omega-3s, and hyaluronic acid improve comfort and range of motion.
Collagen can support cartilage strength, but most collagen supplements are animal-derived (chicken or beef). These may cause allergies in sensitive dogs and are less sustainable. Plant-based collagen alternatives using amino acid blends and peptides are equally effective without these drawbacks.
Allergies are uncommon but may occur if the supplement contains beef, chicken, shellfish, or dairy-derived ingredients. Dogs with food sensitivities should use plant-based formulations free from common animal allergens.
No. Human supplements may contain unsafe dosages or additives (like xylitol) that are toxic to dogs. Always use veterinary-formulated products with appropriate canine dosing and verified ingredient safety.
Yes — algae oil provides the same DHA and EPA as fish oil, often with added DPA. It’s purer (free from mercury and PCBs), hypoallergenic, and more sustainable.
Yes — studies have shown that curcumin, Boswellia, and omega-3s can reduce osteoarthritic pain scores as effectively as NSAIDs in mild to moderate cases, without the side effects associated with pharmaceuticals.
Choose palatable soft chews or powder formulations that can be mixed with food. Cold-pressed chews often retain natural flavour without synthetic additives, making them easier to administer daily.
Combination is often beneficial if ingredients don’t overlap excessively. For example, you can pair an omega-3 supplement with a glucosamine–MSM blend. Avoid doubling up on the same ingredient to prevent over-supplementation.
Yes. Ingredients like omega-3s, spirulina, and rosehip improve skin hydration, reduce itching, and promote a glossy coat by lowering systemic inflammation and supporting healthy lipid metabolism.
A balanced, anti-inflammatory diet — rich in plant-based proteins, ancient grains, and antioxidants — enhances the effect of supplements. Diets containing turmeric, ginger, yucca, and omega-3-rich ingredients help manage inflammation and oxidative stress, complementing joint supplementation.
Generally minimal. Some dogs may experience temporary loose stools or mild digestive adjustment during the first week. This usually resolves with continued use or by halving the dose for a few days.
Keep them in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Supplements containing omega-3 oils should be stored airtight to prevent oxidation and maintain potency.
Yes — even senior dogs with advanced arthritis can experience improved comfort, mobility, and quality of life. While cartilage regeneration is slower in older dogs, consistent supplementation can reduce inflammation and stiffness significantly.
Look for:
Clear ingredient transparency and dosages
Inclusion of multiple bioactive compounds (glucosamine, MSM, omega-3, curcumin, boswellia, hyaluronic acid)
Cold-pressed production to preserve bioactivity
Absence of allergens and artificial fillers
Proven results backed by clinical studies
In advanced cases of severe hip dysplasia or end-stage arthritis, surgery (such as joint replacement) may be unavoidable. However, supplements can slow progression, improve recovery, and extend comfort and mobility before surgical intervention becomes necessary.
Yes — formulations like Bonza’s Bounce Bioactive Bites integrate joint, gut, and immune health through synergistic compounds such as beta-glucans, prebiotics, and adaptogenic herbs alongside joint nutrients. These provide comprehensive systemic support for long-term vitality.
Conclusion
A truly effective joint supplement does more than ease stiffness — it restores comfort, mobility, and vitality through multi-pathway support.
Plant-based and marine-derived ingredients now lead the field, providing superior anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chondroprotective benefits while promoting gut, immune, and cognitive health — all without the allergenic or sustainability drawbacks of many animal-derived compounds.
For dogs of any age or breed, a supplement that blends glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, HA, omega-3s, and anti-inflammatory botanicals — supported by prebiotics and antioxidants — represents the gold standard for joint health and long-term wellbeing.
References – Clinical Studies Supporting Ingredients
Glucosamine, chondroitin & multi-nutraceuticals
- McCarthy G, O’Donovan J, Jones B, et al. Randomised double-blind, positive-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis. Vet J. 2007;174(1):54-61. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.02.015. PubMed
- Scott RM, Evans R, Conzemius MG. Efficacy of an oral nutraceutical for canine osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2017;30(5):318-323. doi:10.3415/VCOT-16-12-0177. Today’s Veterinary Practice
- Martello E, Bigliati M, Adami R, et al. Efficacy of a dietary supplement in dogs with osteoarthritis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(2):e0263971. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263971. PMC
- Bhathal A, Spryszak M, Louizos C, Frankel G. Glucosamine and chondroitin use in canines for osteoarthritis: a review. Animals (Basel). 2017;7(2):14. doi:10.3390/ani7020014. PMC
Marine lipids & green-lipped mussel (GLM/PCSO-524/EAB-277)
5. Kampa N, Kaenkangploo D, Jitpean S, et al. Study of the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, marine-based fatty acid compounds (PCSO-524 and EAB-277), and carprofen for the treatment of dogs with hip osteoarthritis: a prospective, block-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Vet Sci. 2023;10:1033188. doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1033188. PMC+1
6. Kampa N, Lascelles BDX, et al. Evaluation of the comparative efficacy of green-lipped mussel plus krill oil extracts (EAB-277), Biota orientalis extracts, or NSAIDs for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis-associated pain: a blinded randomized trial. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1464549. doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1464549. Frontiers+1
7. Rialland P, Bichot S, Lussier B, et al. Effect of a diet enriched with green-lipped mussel on pain and dysfunction in dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res. 2013;9:1-12. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-1.
8. Bierer TL, Bui LM. Improvement of arthritic signs in dogs fed green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus). J Nutr. 2002;132(6 Suppl 2):1634S-1636S. doi:10.1093/jn/132.6.1634S.
9. GLM oil complex (dose/severity effects). J Vet Clin (Korea). 2024. (Therapeutic effect of green-lipped mussel oil complex on canine OA; full text). e-jvc.org
Omega-3 (fish/algal)
10. Fritsch DA, Allen TA, Dodd CE, et al. A multicenter study of the effect of dietary fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on carprofen dosage in dogs with osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010;236(5):535-539. doi:10.2460/javma.236.5.535. PubMed
11. Roush JK, Cross AR, Renberg WC, et al. Evaluation of the effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on weight bearing in dogs with osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010;236(1):67-73. doi:10.2460/javma.236.1.67. PubMed
Hyaluronic acid (oral/systemic, canine)
12. Aguado CIS, Ramos-Plá JJ, Soler C, et al. Effects of oral hyaluronic acid administration in dogs following tibial tuberosity advancement surgery for cranial cruciate ligament injury. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(5):1264. doi:10.3390/ani11051264. PMC+1
UC-II® & Boswellia (canine)
13. Stabile M, Gianella P, Pinna S, et al. UC-II® undenatured type II collagen and Boswellia serrata for mild–moderate mobility disorders in dogs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. PLoS One. 2024;19(3):e0305697. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305697. PubMed
14. Zapata A, Fernández-Parra R. Management of osteoarthritis and joint support using feed supplements: a scoping review of undenatured type II collagen and Boswellia serrata. Animals (Basel). 2023;13(5):870. doi:10.3390/ani13050870. MDPI+1
Boswellia & polybotanicals
15. Reichling J, Schmokel H, Fitzi J, Bucher S, Saller R. Dietary support with Boswellia resin in canine inflammatory joint and spinal disease. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd (Vet Res Commun). 2004;146:71–79 (Supp.). doi:10.1024/0036-7281.146.2.71. PubMed+1
16. Caterino C, Aragosa F, Della Valle G, et al. Clinical efficacy of curcumin (Curcuvet®) and boswellic acids combined with a conventional nutraceutical product in canine osteoarthritis: randomized double-blind study. PLoS One. 2021;16(5):e0252279. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252279. PLOS
17. Chi K-M, Wang Y-S, Wang D-G, et al. Measurement of AKBA and KBA in canine joint supplement formulations. BMC Vet Res. 2019;15:72. doi:10.1186/s12917-019-1803-2. herbalvets.org.uk
Prebiotics & β-glucans (dogs)
18. Swanson KS, Grieshop CM, Flickinger EA, et al. Fructooligosaccharides and mannanoligosaccharides influence immune function, colonic microflora, and intestinal morphology in dogs. J Nutr. 2002;132(6 Suppl 2):1716S-1719S. doi:10.1093/jn/132.6.1716S. semanticscholar.org
19. Stuyven E, Verdonck F, Van Hoek I, et al. Oral β-1,3/1,6-glucan improves the humoral immune response in dogs. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010;17(4):487-494. doi:10.1128/CVI.00401-09. avmajournals.avma.org
20. Fries-Craft K, Cochrane R, Aldrich G, et al. Dietary yeast β-1,3/1,6-glucan influences immune response to vaccination in adult Labrador retrievers. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1090401. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090401. Vetlexicon
Clinoptilolite/zeolite (dogs)
21. Lowndes FG, Sabchuk TT, Wünsche L, et al. Zeolite (clinoptilolite) in extruded dog diets: digestibility, fecal characteristics, palatability. Semina: Ciências Agrárias. 2019;40(6):2673-2682. doi:10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6p2673. (Full text available.) ResearchGate
Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASU) — canine
22. Altinel L, Saritas ZK, Kose KC, et al. Treatment with unsaponifiable extracts of avocado and soybean increases TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels in canine joint fluid. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2007;211(2):181-186. doi:10.1620/tjem.211.181. PubMed+1
23. Boileau C, Martel-Pelletier J, Caron J, et al. Protective effects of total fraction of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables on structural changes in experimental dog osteoarthritis: inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and MMP-13. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(2):R41. doi:10.1186/ar2649. (Open access.) PMC+1
