Best Foods for Dogs’ Mental Health: A Deep Dive

Dog Mental Health – Nutrition the Key to Happiness

Summary

Dog mental health is significantly influenced by diet, environment, and lifestyle. The right nutrition can improve cognitive function, reduce anxiety, and enhance overall emotional well-being in dogs. This comprehensive article explores the best foods, nutrients, herbs, and adaptogens that support mental health in dogs, with a detailed focus on their bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action. The article also covers the importance of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, and the role of the gut-brain axis in maintaining a healthy mind.

Table of Contents

• What is Dog Mental Health?
• Factors Affecting Dog’s Mental Health
• Breeds Predisposed to Mental Health Issues
  • Breeds Prone to Anxiety
  • Breeds Prone to Aggression
  • Breeds Prone to Both Anxiety and Aggression
• Improving Dog’s Mental Health
  • Exercise and Activities for Mental Health
  • Nutrition and Mental Health
• Best Foods for Dog’s Mental Health
  • Natural Foods to Improve Mental Health
  • Tryptophan and Mental Health
  • Best Food Sources of Tryptophan
• Serotonin and Dog’s Mental Health
  • How to Increase Serotonin Levels
• Dopamine and Dog’s Health
  • How to Increase Dopamine Levels
• Best Herbs and Spices for Dog’s Mental Health
• Best Dry Dog Food for Mental Health
• Foods to Avoid for Dog’s Mental Health
• The Gut-Brain Axis in Dogs

What is Dog Mental Health?

Dog mental health refers to the overall emotional, psychological, and cognitive well-being of dogs. It affects how they think, feel, and behave. Just like humans, dogs can experience stress and anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues that can impact their quality of life.

Factors Affecting Dog’s Mental Health

Several factors can influence a dog’s mental health, including:

• Genetics: Certain breeds are predisposed to mental health issues such as anxiety.
• Environment: Stressful environments can lead to behavioural issues.
• Diet: Nutritional deficiencies or imbalances can exacerbate mental health problems.
• Exercise: Lack of physical activity can contribute to anxiety and depression.
• Social Interaction: Adequate socialisation with humans and other animals is crucial for mental well-being.

Breeds Predisposed to Mental Health Issues

Certain dog breeds are more genetically predisposed to mental health issues such as anxiety and aggression due to their breeding history, temperament, and specific genetic traits. Below is a list of breeds commonly associated with these tendencies:

Breeds Prone to Anxiety

1. German Shepherds: Known for their intelligence and strong work ethic, German Shepherds can be prone to anxiety, particularly separation anxiety, due to their close bond with their owners.
2. Border Collies: Highly intelligent and energetic, Border Collies require a lot of mental and physical stimulation. Without sufficient activity, they may develop anxiety or obsessive behaviours.
3. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: These affectionate dogs often suffer from separation anxiety due to their deep attachment to their owners.
4. Chihuahuas: Known for their nervous disposition, Chihuahuas are prone to anxiety, especially in new or unfamiliar environments.
5. Bichon Frise: These dogs are known to be very social and may develop anxiety if left alone for extended periods.
6. Vizsla: Often referred to as “Velcro dogs” because of their desire to be close to their owners at all times, Vizslas are prone to separation anxiety.

Breeds Prone to Aggression

1. Rottweilers: While often well-behaved and loving, Rottweilers can exhibit aggressive behaviour if not properly socialised and trained, particularly due to their protective nature.
2. Chow Chows: Known for their strong-willed and independent nature, Chow Chows can be aggressive if not properly socialised, especially towards strangers.
3. Doberman Pinschers: This breed is highly protective and can show aggressive tendencies if they perceive a threat to their family.
4. American Pit Bull Terrier: While many Pit Bulls are affectionate and gentle, their history and genetics can predispose them to aggression if not properly trained and socialised.
5. Akita: Akitas are known for their loyalty and protective instincts, which can sometimes lead to aggression towards other animals or unfamiliar people.

Breeds Prone to Both Anxiety and Aggression

1. Cocker Spaniels: Cocker Spaniels can exhibit both anxiety and aggression, particularly if they suffer from “rage syndrome,” a rare but severe form of aggression that can occur without warning. Also known as Cocker Rage or Spaniel Rage, is a serious behavioural problem that causes dogs to suddenly become aggressive for no apparent reason. It’s most commonly associated with Cocker Spaniels, but can also occur in other breeds like Springer Spaniels, Golden Retrievers, Poodles, and Doberman Pinschers.
2. Jack Russell Terriers: Their high energy levels and strong prey drive can make them prone to anxiety if not adequately exercised, and they may exhibit aggression towards other animals.
3. Siberian Huskies: Known for their independence and strong prey drive, Huskies can become anxious if not given enough exercise and may show aggression if not properly socialised.

Considerations

While certain breeds may be predisposed to these mental health issues, it’s important to remember that individual temperament can vary widely. Proper training, socialisation, and care can greatly mitigate these tendencies. Always consider consulting with a veterinarian or a professional dog behaviourist if you are concerned about your dog’s mental health.

Improving Dog’s Mental Health

Exercise and Activities for Mental Health

Regular exercise is vital for maintaining a dog’s mental health. It helps to release endorphins, which are natural mood enhancers, and reduces stress hormones such as cortisol.

Key Activities:

• Walking and Running: These activities reduce anxiety and improve mood by stimulating endorphin release.
• Cognitive Games: Engaging in puzzle toys and training exercises can prevent boredom and associated anxiety.
• Socialisation: Interaction with other dogs and humans can greatly enhance a dog’s emotional well-being.

Nutrition and Dog’s Mental Health

Nutrition plays a significant role in supporting mental health. A diet rich in specific nutrients can enhance brain function, stabilise mood, and reduce the risk of mental health disorders.

Essential Nutrients:

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in flaxseed, chia seeds, seaweed and algae oil, these fats are critical for reducing inflammation and supporting cognitive function. DHA and EPA, types of Omega-3s, help maintain the fluidity of brain cell membranes, supporting learning and memory.
• Antioxidants: Blueberries, cranberries, spinach, and sweet potatoes are rich in antioxidants that protect the brain from oxidative stress and support overall mental health. These foods contain compounds like anthocyanins and beta-carotene, which combat free radicals in the brain.
• B Vitamins: Essential for energy production and nervous system health, B vitamins can be found in whole grains, leafy greens, and legumes. Vitamin B6, in particular, is necessary for the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin.

Best Foods for Dog’s Mental Health

Natural Foods to Improve Dog Mental Health

A variety of plant-based foods are rich in phytonutrients and bioactive compounds that can significantly enhance mental well-being in dogs:

• Blueberries and Cranberries: High in anthocyanins, blueberries and cranberries have neuroprotective properties that reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, supporting cognitive function and memory. (1)
• Spinach: Contains magnesium and folate, which are essential for serotonin production and overall nervous system health. Magnesium plays a crucial role in neurotransmitter regulation, helping to keep mood disorders at bay.
• Sweet Potatoes: Rich in beta-carotene and vitamin C, sweet potatoes support brain health by reducing oxidative stress and promoting the synthesis of neurotransmitters. (2)
• Pumpkin Seeds: A rich source of tryptophan, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids, pumpkin seeds help in the production of serotonin and support overall brain health. (3)
• Bananas: Provide potassium and vitamin B6, both of which are crucial for maintaining serotonin levels and reducing stress. (4)
• Oats: High in complex carbohydrates, oats help stabilise blood sugar levels and provide a steady release of energy, which can prevent mood swings.

Bioactive Compounds and Mechanisms:

• Anthocyanins (Blueberries and Cranberries): Protect brain cells from oxidative damage, thereby supporting cognitive health. (5)
• Magnesium (Spinach, Pumpkin Seeds): Supports nerve function and helps modulate neurotransmitter activity, particularly serotonin.
• Beta-Carotene (Sweet Potatoes): An antioxidant that supports brain health by neutralising free radicals.
• L-Tryptophan (Pumpkin Seeds, Bananas): A precursor to serotonin, tryptophan is critical for maintaining a stable mood and reducing anxiety.

Tryptophan and Dog’s Mental Health

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that plays a critical role in the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, and anxiety levels. Insufficient levels of tryptophan in dogs can lead to reduced serotonin production, contributing to mood disorders and behavioural problems in dogs.

Mechanism of Action: Tryptophan is absorbed and transported to the brain, where it is converted into serotonin. Adequate dietary intake of tryptophan ensures that serotonin levels are maintained, promoting a calm and happy demeanour in dogs (6).

Best Food Sources of Tryptophan

In addition to meat-based sources, several plant-based foods are rich in tryptophan:

• Pumpkin Seeds
• Oats
• Bananas
• Almonds
• Chickpeas

These foods provide not only tryptophan but also other supportive nutrients that contribute to overall brain health.

Serotonin and Dog’s Mental Health

How to Increase Serotonin Levels

Serotonin is crucial for regulating mood, anxiety, and overall well-being in dogs. Enhancing serotonin levels can be achieved through diet, exercise, and environmental enrichment. (7)

Nutritional Strategies:

• Incorporate Tryptophan-Rich Foods: Include foods like oats, bananas, and pumpkin seeds in your dog’s diet to ensure a steady supply of tryptophan, which is essential for serotonin production.
• B Vitamins: Vitamin B6, found in foods like spinach and sweet potatoes, is necessary for converting tryptophan into serotonin.
• Complex Carbohydrates: Foods like brown rice and whole oats help transport tryptophan to the brain by stimulating insulin release, which enhances serotonin production.

Lifestyle Strategies:

• Regular Exercise: Physical activity naturally boosts serotonin levels by increasing tryptophan availability in the brain. (7)
• Sunlight Exposure: Regular exposure to sunlight can stimulate serotonin production, so outdoor activities during daylight hours are beneficial. (8)

Dopamine and Dog’s Health

How to Increase Dopamine Levels

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, motivation, and reward. Adequate dopamine levels are essential for a dog’s overall happiness and willingness to engage in activities.

Nutritional Strategies:

• Tyrosine-Rich Foods: Tyrosine, a precursor to dopamine, is found in foods like almonds, pumpkin seeds, and bananas. Tyrosine supports the synthesis of dopamine, which is crucial for mood regulation and motivation.
• Antioxidants: Blueberries and spinach are rich in antioxidants that protect dopamine-producing neurons from oxidative stress, supporting dopamine levels and overall brain health.

Lifestyle Strategies:

• Reward-Based Training: Positive reinforcement during training stimulates dopamine release, reinforcing good behaviour and enhancing the bond between dog and owner.
• Interactive Play: Engaging toys and activities that stimulate a dog’s mind can boost dopamine levels and promote mental well-being.

Best Herbs and Spices for Dog’s Mental Health

Herbs and spices contain bioactive compounds that can significantly benefit a dog’s mental health:

• Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): Contains withanolides, which help reduce cortisol levels and manage stress, making it beneficial for anxious dogs. Ashwagandha is an adaptogen, meaning it helps the body adapt to stress and promotes a balanced response to environmental stressors.
• Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla): Rich in apigenin, a compound that promotes relaxation and improves sleep quality. Chamomile is particularly effective in reducing anxiety and promoting calmness in dogs.
• Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Contains curcumin, a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound that supports brain health by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Curcumin is known to cross the blood-brain barrier, making it particularly effective in protecting brain cells and enhancing cognitive function.
• Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Contains gingerol, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Gingerol helps to protect brain cells from oxidative damage, supporting overall cognitive health and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Ginger is also beneficial for improving blood circulation, which can enhance mental clarity and reduce stress.
• Sage (Salvia officinalis): High in rosmarinic acid, sage has been shown to improve memory and cognitive function. Sage’s neuroprotective effects are attributed to its ability to inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in learning and memory.
• Peppermint (Mentha piperita): Contains menthol, which can have a calming effect on the nervous system. Peppermint is also known to enhance alertness and improve mood, making it a great herb to include in a dog’s diet for mental stimulation and relaxation.
• Valerian Root (Valeriana officinalis): Contains valerenic acid, which interacts with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain, producing a calming effect. Valerian root is particularly useful for dogs that suffer from anxiety or stress.

Best Dry Dog Food for Mental Health

When selecting dry dog food to support mental health, it’s important to focus on ingredients that offer both cognitive benefits and general health support. Here are key components to look for:

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Essential for reducing inflammation and supporting cognitive function, Omega-3s such as DHA and EPA are vital for maintaining brain health. Flaxseed, chia seeds, and algae oil are excellent plant-based sources of Omega-3s. These fatty acids contribute to the fluidity of cell membranes in the brain, enhancing neuroplasticity, which is critical for learning, memory, and overall cognitive function .
• Antioxidants: Foods like blueberries, cranberries, spinach, and sweet potatoes are rich in antioxidants like anthocyanins, vitamin C, and beta-carotene. Antioxidants help combat oxidative stress, which can damage brain cells and contribute to cognitive decline.
• Tryptophan-Rich Ingredients: Tryptophan is an amino acid that is a precursor to serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood. Oats, pumpkin seeds, and bananas are excellent plant-based sources of tryptophan. Including these in a dog’s diet can help maintain a calm and balanced mood.
• Adaptogenic Herbs: Herbs like ashwagandha and turmeric, as mentioned, are beneficial for their stress-reducing properties. Incorporating these herbs into dry dog food can help manage anxiety and promote a relaxed state of mind.

Foods to Avoid for Dog’s Mental Health

Certain foods and ingredients can negatively impact a dog’s mental health by causing inflammation, disrupting neurotransmitter balance, or contributing to erratic energy levels:

• High-Sugar Foods: Excessive sugar intake can lead to energy spikes and crashes, which can cause mood swings and hyperactivity. It’s best to avoid sugary treats or foods high in simple carbohydrates that can cause such imbalances.
• Artificial Additives: Preservatives, artificial colours, and flavours can cause hyperactivity and anxiety in some dogs. These chemicals can also contribute to long-term health issues and should be avoided in favour of more natural ingredients.
• Processed Foods: Foods high in unhealthy fats and low in nutrients can contribute to inflammation, which negatively affects brain health and cognitive function. Processed foods often lack the essential nutrients needed for maintaining mental well-being.

The Gut-Brain Axis in Dogs

The gut-brain axis is the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This gut-brain connection plays a crucial role in regulating mental health, as the gut microbiome directly influences brain function and behaviour.

Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Cognitive and Mental Health

The gut microbiome, which consists of trillions of microorganisms, is responsible for producing neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. A healthy gut environment is essential for the proper synthesis and regulation of these neurotransmitters, which in turn affects mood, cognition, and overall mental health.

Improving the Gut-Brain Axis Through Nutrition

• Prebiotics and Probiotics: These are essential for maintaining a healthy gut microbiome. Prebiotics like inulin, found in chicory root and dandelion greens, and FOS and MOS from yeast, feed beneficial gut bacteria, while probiotics like those found in fermented foods (e.g., sauerkraut, kimchi) and probiotic strains like Calsporin (Bacillus velezensis) introduce live beneficial bacteria into the gut.
• Postbiotics: Postbiotics are bioactive compounds produced by gut bacteria during the fermentation of prebiotics. These include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), peptides, enzymes, and other metabolites that significantly contribute to gut health and, consequently, support the gut-brain axis. For dogs who may not consume fermented foods regularly, postbiotic supplements for dogs are an excellent alternative. These supplements contain concentrated forms of postbiotics, providing a convenient way to ensure your dog receives the benefits of these powerful compounds.
• Fibre-Rich Foods: Dietary fibre from sources like sweet potatoes, oats, and pumpkin seeds supports gut health by promoting regular bowel movements and feeding beneficial gut bacteria. A fibre-rich diet helps maintain a balanced gut microbiome, which is essential for mental health.
• Polyphenols: Found in foods like blueberries, cranberries, and green tea, polyphenols have been shown to positively influence the gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. These compounds also have anti-inflammatory effects, which can support overall brain health.

By incorporating these foods and strategies into a dog’s diet, you can support a healthy gut-brain axis, thereby enhancing your dog’s mental and cognitive health. This holistic approach to nutrition emphasises the importance of a complete and balanced diet rich in specific nutrients, herbs, and adaptogens to promote mental well-being in dogs.

This article provides a comprehensive guide to optimising your dog’s mental health through diet, exercise, and lifestyle choices. By understanding the critical role of specific nutrients, herbs, and the gut-brain axis, you can help your dog live a happier, healthier life. Always consult with a veterinarian or canine nutritionist before making significant changes to your dog’s diet.

Bonza Superfoods and Ancient Grains is a plant-based, vegan dog food that has been formulated by vets and expert canine nutritionists with a specific focus on providing the highest level of anti-inflammatory benefits, optimising the gut-brain axis and, in turn, optimising their health and promoting longevity.

It’s high quality ingredients include:

• Prebiotics – inulin, baobab, yucca schidigera, FOS and MOS
• Probiotics – Calsporin® Bacillus velezensis
• Postbiotics – TruPet™
• Omega-3 with EPA, DHA and DPA – DHAgold®
• Adaptogens – reishi, ashwagandha, turmeric, Panax ginseng and Siberian ginseng
• MCT – Coconut oil
• Oats
• Sweet Potato
• Spinach and Kale
• Ginger